2011 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 anonymity applications attacks authenticated-data-structures bitcoin blockchain bullet-proofs byzantine consensus cross-chain cryptocurrencies defi ecc ethereum exchanges fhe formal-methods guo key-management layer2 light-client mining ouroboros permissioned plonk post-quantum privacy proof-of-* rollups scalability secure-multiparty-computation sidechains signatures simple-payment-verification smart-contracts snark-friendly snarks storage survey theory thesis time-release-cryptography tools vdf zero-knowledge zerocash zerocoin zkvm